土力学 and Geotechnical 测试设备

Soil mechanics testing is a fundamental element of geotechnical engineering. It is used to obtain information on the physical properties of soil used in earthworks and 基金会, as well as the stress applied to these structures by surface and subsurface conditions. Soil mechanics provides the theoretical basis for analysis of soils in geotechnical engineering. 的se tests are used to analyze the deformation of the soil and the flow of fluids within natural and man-made structures that are supported on or made of soil, including structures that are buried in soils. Example applications are building and bridge 基金会, 挡土墙, 大坝, 埋地管道系统. 的 principles of soil mechanics are also used in related disciplines such as engineering geology, 地球物理工程, 海岸工程, 农业工程, 水文和土壤物理.

洪堡的 soil mechanics section on this website and in our catalog covers the following testing procedures: consolidation, direct and residual shear and triaxial testing. It also includes 洪堡的 data acquisition devices, accessories and software.

土壤固结试验
Consolidation testing is a fundamental part of any soil mechanics testing program. It is a process in which a soil sample undergoes a volumetric change due to the application of some type of 加载. Placing a load on a soil sample results in a reduction in the void space within the soil. In the laboratory, this load can be applied pneumatically or by simply placing weights on the sample. This process simulates the effects of real-world forces placed on soil whether from simple compaction or building structures on the soil. Incremental consolidation tests can be conducted by applying load increments to a soil sample for predetermined lengths of time. Generally, the load increments are arrived at by doubling the previous load.

的 reason for performing incremental consolidation tests may vary, 但是在大多数情况下, the test is done to determine settlement properties of a particular soil. 例如, 当建筑建成时, the underlying soil is impacted by the load that has been applied and expels 水 from its voids. As 水 is expelled, the soil starts to settle, which affects the building above. In this scenario an engineer is interested in the magnitude and rate of settlement. In some cases a building load may cause the soil to settle a number of feet. A consolidation test predicts the amount and rate of settlement. Consolidation testing is covered under ASTM D2435 and D4546, as well as AASHTO T216.

洪堡固结解决方案:
洪堡 provides an extensive offering of consolidation testing equipment to satisfy the needs of any soils testing laboratory.
洪堡通信IPC- HM-5470.3F是全自动的, incremental pressure controller for performing consolidation and one-dimensional swell tests, 自动运行, freeing up technicians for other tasks and significantly reducing testing time.

洪堡 Pneumatic Consolidation Machine- HM-5432.3F是一个紧凑和易于使用, pneumatic consolidation load frame is used to estimate the rate and amount of settlement anticipated for a proposed structure. 的 unit applies loads instantly without impact for stress-controlled consolidation testing.

洪堡 Dead-Weight Consolidation Frame- HM-1100A是可靠的, heavy-duty consolidation frame for dead-weight determinations of soil consolidation.

洪堡 Consolidation-Specific Software— 洪堡 provides our 下一个软件 in a consolidation-specific application, which provides consolidation-specific setup, operation and control of the consolidation testing process with our testing machines. This software also provides extensive presentation and reporting capabilities

洪堡固结细胞— 洪堡 provides consolidation cells in Fixed Ring, Floating Ring and Fixed Ring Permeability configurations. We also provide weights for dead-weight setups and a complete offering of consolidation accessories and replacement parts for machines and cells.

直接剪土试验:
的 direct shear test plays an important part in soil mechanics testing and is a method for determining the consolidated drained shear strength of soils. 的 direct shear test is performed by placing a vertical load on the sample which is in a horizontally split box. After the vertical load has consolidated the sample, the two halves of the box are “pulled” apart relative to each other, which causes a shear load to be measured on a load measuring device. Once the soil has been sheared to its shear strength, there is failure and the load rapidly drops off. This procedure is repeated (usually three times) under different vertical loads. A “failure envelope” can then be drawn on a graph, which allows engineers to design slopes, 大坝, 基金会, 等.

的 direct shear test is used to assess what soil strength might be in a field situation where complete consolidation has occurred under the existing normal stresses. Failure is reached slowly under drained conditions so that excess pore pressures are dissipated. 的 results from several tests may be used to express the relationship between consolidation stress and drained shear strength. Direct shear testing is often used when trying to determine the shear strength of sandy materials.

Direct shear devices can also be used to measure residual shear strength. Residual strength is the shear strength of the material that is exhibited after a failure (exceeding of initial shear strength) has occurred. Residual shear strength testing is very important in earthquake prone areas. Direct Shear testing is covered under ASTM D30805 and AASHTO T236.

洪堡直剪方案:
洪堡 Automated, Pneumatic Direct Shear Machine- HM-5760.3F是自动的, pneumatic-加载 direct/residual direct shear machine, which utilizes pneumatic 加载 to automatically apply vertical loads to a soil sample, eliminating the need for 加载 weights.

洪堡 Semi-Automatic Direct Shear Machines- HM-5755.3F provide direct shear testing utilizing pneumatic loads, which are controlled by manual valve controls located on the front panel for easy use. It provides the same features as the HM-5760.3F except that loads are applied manually.

洪堡 Dead-Weight Direct Shear Machines— 的 HM-5750 Series of Dead-weight Direct-shear machines, 有三种配置-模拟, digital and manual gauge measuring devices. 的se machines feature 洪堡的 touch-screen monitor for test control.

洪堡 Direct Shear-Specific Software— 洪堡 provides our 下一个软件 in a direct shear-specific application, which provides direct shear-specific setup, operation and control of the direct shear testing process with our testing machines. This software also provides extensive presentation and reporting capabilities

洪堡 Shear Boxes, 配件 and Replacement Parts— 洪堡 provides shear boxes in both round and square configurations. We also provide weights for dead-weight setups and a complete offering of direct shear accessories and replacement parts for machines.

土的三轴试验:
As part of a soil mechanics testing regiment, 洪堡 Triaxial Testing Systems provide state-of-the-art systems specifically designed to control and monitor triaxial testing, 如:未固结不排水(UU), 综合不排水(CU), 无侧限压缩, 固结排水(CD)测试. 的se tests cover the following ASTM standards: ASTM D2850, ASTM D2166 and ASTM D4767. 洪堡 provides an extensive selection of load frames, which can be used in triaxial testing applications. 洪堡的 Elite Series Load Frames provide the materials testing lab with a choice of three, highly-versatile and precision-built 加载 systems covering a range of testing applications.

的 hm - 5030 Masterloader is the workhorse of the group, capable of handling any testing need up to 50kN or 11,000磅力.
的 HM-5020三轴装载机 is a machine designed specifically for triaxial testing and other testing requirements up to 15kN or 3,000磅力.
的 HM-5040大装载机 is a heavy-duty machine capable of handling testing requirements up to 100kN or 22,000磅力.

洪堡也提供了 HM-2850多速装载机, a simple, multi-purpose load frame that can be used for triaxial testing. It is designed for those who want a high-quality load frame without built-in data acquisition capabilities or digital control accessories.

此外，我们的 三轴配电板 in both automated and manual configurations. 与the连用 HM-5240.3F压力控制器, 洪堡 automated control panels provide an accurate and easy-to-operate solution for providing the controls necessary for distributing compressed air, 水, de-aired 水 and vacuum within an air/水 bladder-type triaxial testing system.

我们也提供 FlexPanels, which provide an accurate and easy-to-operate solution for controlling compressed air, 水, de-aired 水 and vacuum without the need for air/水 bladder interfaces to produce the pressures necessary for triaxial testing. FlexPanels utilize a set of three burettes to control cell, top cap and base pedestal pressures for a triaxial cell and can be configured to handle up to 6 triaxial cells.

Complete triaxial sample prep and triaxial test consumable 项目 are also available here. 这些产品可以帮助测试设置, as well as keeping your triaxial testing program running without interruption.

软件:
洪堡的 下一个软件 provides test-specific software programs for soil mechanics testing applications. 的se programs include test software for Consolidation; Direct Shear; Unconsolidated Undrained (UU), Consolidated Undrained (CU); Unconfined Compression (UC) and Consolidated Drained (CD). This software provides machine control, 校准, monitoring and report generation for soil mechanics testing.